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Proper disposal starts with classifying the waste. Without knowing what the material contains and how hazardous it is, it is not possible to choose the right technology or licensed destination. Law 12.305/2010 also sets an order of priority: non-generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and, last, environmentally sound final disposal of residues.
The Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 10004 classifies solid waste according to its potential risks to the environment and public health. The main division is:
Classification is based on the origin of the waste, its composition and, when necessary, laboratory testing. It defines packaging, transport and the disposal options.
| Disposal route | How it works | Typical application |
|---|---|---|
| Recycling | The material returns to the production cycle as raw material. | Metals, plastics, cardboard, scrap. |
| Re-refining | Process that recovers base oil from used or contaminated lubricating oil. | Used lubricating oils. |
| Co-processing | The waste replaces fuel or raw material in clinker kilns at cement plants licensed for this purpose. | Waste with calorific value, such as sludge and solvents. |
| Incineration | Thermal destruction in licensed equipment, with emission control. | Class I waste that cannot be recovered. |
| Class I landfill | Disposal in a landfill designed for hazardous waste, with liners and monitoring. | Hazardous waste with no treatment alternative. |
| Class II landfill | Disposal in a landfill licensed for non-hazardous waste. | Class II residues with no possibility of recovery. |
The choice takes into account the waste class, composition, physical state, volume and the availability of licensed destinations that accept that material. When more than one option is technically feasible, the PNRS order of priority guides the decision. To understand when thermal destruction is the best choice, see waste incineration.
Keeping and reconciling these documents is what allows the generator to show the environmental agency that each batch was properly disposed of. The complete process, from classification to issuing the documents, is described in industrial waste management.
It is the environmentally sound final routing of waste, which may include recycling, treatment, incineration or disposal in a licensed landfill, depending on the material's classification.
The main options are recycling, co-processing, incineration and disposal in a licensed industrial landfill. The choice depends on the class and characteristics of the waste.
Yes. Disposal must be documented with an MTR (Waste Transport Manifest) and a certificate of final disposal, proving that the waste was treated at a licensed site, in accordance with Brazilian Law 12.305/10 (National Solid Waste Policy).
Yes. TSL works only with licensed destinations and provides the client with complete traceability documentation.
